NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure Questions and Answers

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure provides detailed answers and explanations for the exercise questions provided in the chapter.

Here are all the NCERT solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2. This solution contains questions and answers, images, step by step explanations of the complete Chapter 2 Is Matter Around Us Pure of Science of class 9.

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Chapter 2 : Is Matter Around Us Pure Questions and Answers Science Class 9

Page-15

Q1. What is meant by a pure substance?

Solution: A pure substance is one that consists of a single type of particle, i.e., all constituent particles of the substance have the same chemical nature.

Pure substances can be classified as elements or compounds.

Q2. List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.

Solution:

Page-18

Q1. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.

Solution: 

Q2.How are sol, solution, and suspension different from each other?

Solution:

Q3. To make a saturated solution, 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at 293 K. Find its concentration at this temperature.

Solution: Mass of solute (sodium chloride) = 36 g (Given)

Mass of solvent (water) = 100 g (Given)

Then, the mass of solution = Mass of solute + Mass of solvent

⇒ (36 + 100) g

⇒ 136 g

Therefore, the concentration (mass by mass percentage) of the solution

Page-24

Part-1

Q1. How will you separate a mixture containing kerosene and petrol (the difference in their boiling points is more than 25°C), which are miscible with each other?

Solution: A mixture of two miscible liquids that have a difference in their boiling points of more than 25°C can be separated by the method of distillation.

Thus, kerosene and petrol can be separated by distillation.

In this method, the mixture of kerosene and petrol is taken in a distillation flask with a thermometer fitted to it.

We also need a beaker, a water condenser, and a Bunsen burner. The apparatus is arranged as shown in the above figure. Then, the mixture is heated slowly.

The thermometer should be watched simultaneously. Kerosene will vaporize and condense in the water condenser. The condensed kerosene is collected from the condenser outlet, whereas petrol is left behind in the distillation flask.

Q2. Name the technique to separate

1. butter from curd
2. salt from sea-water
3. camphor from salt.

Solution:

1. Butter can be separated from curd by centrifugation.
2. Salt can be separated from seawater by evaporation.
3. Camphor can be separated from salt by sublimation.

Q3. What type of mixtures is separated by the technique of crystallization?

Solution: By the technique of crystallization, pure solids are separated from impurities.

For example, salt obtained from the sea is separated from impurities; crystals of alum (Phitkari) are separated from impure samples.

Page-24

Part-2

Q1. Classify the following as chemical or physical changes:

1. cutting off trees,
2. melting of butter in a pan,
3. rusting of Almirah,
4. boiling of water to form steam,
5. passing of electric current, through water and the water breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen gases,
6. dissolving common salt in water,
7. making a fruit salad with raw fruits, and
8. burning of paper and wood.

 Solution:

Q2. Try segregating the things around you as pure substances or mixtures.

Solution: 

Pure substance: Water, salt, sugar, etc.

Mixture: Saltwater, soil, wood, air, cold drink, rubber, sponge, fog, milk, butter, clothes, food.

Exercise

Q1. Which separation techniques will apply for the separation of the following?

1. Sodium chloride from its solution in water.
2. Ammonium Chloride from a mixture containing Sodium Chloride and Ammonium Chloride.
3. Small pieces of metal in the engine oil of a car.
4. Different pigments from an extract of flower petals.
5. Butter from curd.
6. Oil from water.
7. Tea leaves from tea.
8. Iron pins from sand.
9. Wheat grains from husk.
10. Fine mud particles suspended in water.

Solution: 

1. Crystallization or Evaporation.
2. Sublimation.
3. Centrifugation or Sedimentation.
4. Chromatography.
5. Centrifugation.
6. Separating funnel.
7. Hand-picking.
8. Magnetic separation.
9. Winnowing.
10. Centrifugation.

Q2. Write the steps you would use for making tea. Use the words – solution, solvent, solute, dissolve, soluble, insoluble, filtrate and residue.

Solution: Take the solvent, and water, to a kettle. Heat it. When the solvent boils, add the solute, and milk. Milk and water form a solution.

Then pour some tea leaves over a sieve. Pour a slowly hot solution of milk over tea leaves. The Colour of tea leaves goes into the solution as filtrate.

The remaining tea leaves being insoluble remain as residue. Add the requisite sugar which dissolves and the tea is ready.

Q3. Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solution).

1. What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K?
2. Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain.
3. Find the solubility of each salt at 293 K. Which salt has the highest solubility at this temperature?
4. What is the effect of a change in temperature on the solubility of a salt?

Solution: 

1. At 313K 

Potassium nitrate for a saturated solution of 100 grams of water = 62 g 

∴ Potassium nitrate for a saturated solution of 50 grams of water = 31 g

2. Some amount of dissolved Potassium Chloride will reappear as an undissolved solid as the solubility of solute decreases with the decrease in temperature.

3. Solubility of each salt at 393 K is as follows:

Ammonium chloride salt has the highest solubility at this temperature. The solubility of salt increases with the increase in temperature.

Q4. Explain the following giving examples.

1. Saturated solution,
2. Pure substance,
3. Colloid,
4. Suspension.

Solution: 

1. Saturated Solution: A solution in which no more of the solid (solute) can be dissolved at a given temperature is called a saturated solution.

Suppose 50 gm of a solute is the maximum amount that can be dissolved in 100 gm of water at 298 K.

Then 150 gm of the solution so obtained is the saturated solution at 298 K.

2. Pure Substance: A pure substance consists of a single matter or particles and cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process.

Pure substances always have the same colour, taste, and texture at a given temperature and pressure.

For example, pure water is always colourless, odourless, and tasteless and boils at 373 K at normal atmospheric pressure.

3. Colloid: Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures the particle size is too small to be seen with the naked eye, but it is big enough to scatter light.

The particles are called the dispersed phase and the medium in which they are distributed is called the dispersion medium.

Colloids are useful in industry and daily life. A colloid has the following characteristics:

1. It is a heterogeneous mixture.
2. The size of particles of a colloid lies between 1 – 100 nm and cannot be seen by the naked eye.
3. The particles of colloid can scatter a beam of light passing through it and make the path visible.
4. The particles of colloid cannot be separated from the mixture by filtration. The process of separation of colloidal particles is known as ‘centrifugation’.
5. They do not settle down when left undisturbed. In other words, colloids are quite stable e.g. smoke, milk, fog, cloud etc.

4.  Suspension: A ‘suspension’ is a heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended throughout the bulk of the medium.

A suspension has the following characteristics:

1. It is a heterogeneous mixture.
2. The size of particles of a suspension is greater than 100 nm and is visible to the naked eye.
3. The particles of suspension can scatter a beam of light passing through it.
4. The particles of a suspension settle down when left undisturbed.
5. The particles of a suspension can be separated from its mixture by filtration.

Q5. Classify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: soda water, wood, air, soil, vinegar, filtrated tea.

Solution: 

Homogeneous mixture – Soda water, air, vinegar, filtered tea.

Heterogeneous mixture – Wood, soil.

Q6. How would you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure water?

Solution: Every liquid has a characteristic boiling point at 1 atmospheric pressure. If the given colourless liquid boils exactly at 373 K at 1 atmospheric pressure, then it is pure water. If the boiling point is different, then the water is contaminated.

Q7. Which of the following materials fall in the category of a ‘pure substance’?

1. Ice
2. Milk
3. Iron
4. Hydrochloric acid
5. Calcium oxide
6. Mercury
7. BrickIce
8. Milk
9. Iron
10. Hydrochloric acid
11. Wood
12. Air.

Solution: (a), (c), (d), (e) and (f) are pure substances.

Q8.Identify the solutions among the following mixtures.

1. Soil
2. Sea water
3. Air
4. Coal
5. Soda water.

Solution: Solutions among the following mixtures are:

2. Seawater

3. Air

5. Soda water.

Q9. Which of the following will show “Tyndall effect”?

1. Salt solution
2. Milk
3. Copper sulphate solution
4. Starch solution.

Solution: (b) and (d)are colloids and will show Tyndall Effect.

Q10. Classify the following into elements, compounds and mixtures.

1. Sodium
2. Soil
3. Sugar solution
4. Silver
5. Calcium carbonate
6. Tin
7. Silicon
8. Coal
9. Air
10. Soap
11. Methane
12. Carbon dioxide
13. Blood

Solution: 

Elements – Sodium, silver, tin, silicon.

Compounds – Calcium carbonate, methane, carbon dioxide.

Mixtures – soil, sugar solution, coal, air, soap, blood.

Q11. Which of the following are chemical changes?

1. Growth of a plant
2. Rusting of iron
3. Mixing of iron filings and sand
4. Cooking of food
5. Digestion of food
6. Freezing of water
7. Burning of a candle.

Solution: Following are Chemical changes.

1. Growth of a plant
2. Rusting of iron
3. Cooking of food
4. Digestion of food
5. Burning of a candle.

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